Lifelike Agents in E-commerce: A Study of Humanness in Interface Agents

actual person advertising agent looked agents displaying Andersen animated agents anthropomorphic Appearance Computer-Like Appearance auction website avatar Bailenson behavioral humanness bid amount binoculars Blascovich Burgoon Cassell cognitive computer agent Computer Speakers computer-generated agent computer-generated character condition Corritore dependent variables describes very poorly dimensions e-commerce elicit embodied agents emotional evaluations experiment eye contact factor Fogg forgiveness Gattaca Gong greater Hence human agent human voice human-computer human-computer interaction Human-Like Appearance Computer-Like human-like physical appearance interface agents interpersonal interpersonal relationships Jupiter Research Kiesler Kilim Kracher & Wiedenbeck lifelike agents main effect manipulation measures memory messages nonverbal behaviors nonverbal communication nonverbal cues nonverbal immediacy cues nonverbally flat nonverbally social ontological humanness ontology perceived quality perceptions persuasiveness positive affect presented ratings real person Reeves & Nass regarding significant social presence socially flat Software Agents Sproull subjects traits trust Turing Test users variables virtual humans vocal voice